The question of how media influences public behavior and opinion is a perennial topic of debate. While many studies suggest a strong correlation between media consumption and certain outcomes, establishing a definitive causal link is notoriously difficult. Non-experimental, observational studies—the most common type in this field—are fraught with methodological hurdles. The primary challenge is selection bias: do violent movies cause aggression, or do aggressive individuals simply prefer to watch violent movies? Another key issue is confounding variables, such as socioeconomic status, family environment, and peer groups, which can influence both media choice and behavior. Therefore, as media scholar Elihu Katz often emphasized in his critiques, the critical task is _________________________________. Without this methodological rigor, research findings risk merely reflecting existing social realities rather than revealing any true, independent media influence.

* perennial: 끊임없이 계속되는 ** fraught with: ~으로 가득한 *** confounding variables: 교란 변수

① definitively establishing a simple causal link between media and behavior

② robustly accounting for the complex web of confounding variables

③ clearly demonstrating how public opinion actually influences all media choice

④ simply assuming that all aggressive individuals naturally prefer violent content

⑤ completely separating all research findings from the existing social realities

# 9006

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. (생명공학 + 인공지능)

The intricate process of protein synthesis within a living cell represents one of nature's most sophisticated examples of information processing. The ribosome, a complex molecular machine, translates genetic code into functional proteins with astounding fidelity and efficiency. In contrast, many machine learning algorithms, while powerful, are often static and brittle, unable to adapt without costly retraining. The ribosome’s proofreading function, for instance, achieves an error rate of less than one in 10,000, a feat of real-time quality control. An AI inspired by this could theoretically validate its own data inputs and self-correct its algorithms dynamically. As explored in the computational biology work of Dr. David Baker at the University of Washington, the future of robust AI may lie in _________________________________________________. This bio-inspired fusion promises not just smarter algorithms but a new paradigm of artificial intelligence that is inherently resilient, adaptive, and efficient.

* intricate: 복잡한 ** fidelity: 정확도, 충실도 *** brittle: 부서지기 쉬운, 불안정한

① enhancing biological systems' fidelity using artificial intelligence

② constructing a new paradigm of resilient intelligence

③ emulating biology's principles of dynamic, self-correcting systems

④ developing less brittle and static intelligence systems

⑤ processing genetic information for all machine algorithms

# 9007

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. (개발 경제학 + 식물 육종/영양 과학)

Global food security is a multifaceted challenge that extends beyond mere calorie production. A pervasive form of malnutrition, known as "hidden hunger," arises from diets lacking essential micronutrients like Vitamin A and zinc. Biofortification, an innovative fusion of plant breeding and nutritional science, offers ____________________________________. Unlike distributing supplements, this approach enriches staple food crops themselves. Golden Rice, for example, is genetically engineered to produce beta-carotene, which the body converts to Vitamin A, directly combating a leading cause of childhood blindness. Similarly, zinc-biofortified wheat varieties have been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of stunting and diarrhea in vulnerable communities. This innovative strategy thus represents a powerful tool for global health, though its widespread implementation faces both technological and cultural challenges, including the ongoing debate surrounding genetically modified organisms.

* multifaceted: 다면적인 ** pervasive: 만연한 *** stunting: 성장 부진

① a direct cure for every case of widespread childhood blindness

② a major cause of the global challenge of hidden malnutrition

③ a sustainable strategy to address this widespread health issue

④ a simple plant breeding technique to increase total crop yields

⑤ an immediate solution to every global food security challenge