The globalization of the internet has created a default assumption that a single website design can effectively serve a worldwide audience. Yet, user engagement metrics often reveal significant cross-cultural variations in how websites are perceived and navigated. These differences are not arbitrary but are often rooted in deep-seated cognitive styles. Richard E. Nisbett, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan, has extensively researched how some cultures foster a holistic cognitive style while others cultivate an analytic one. This cognitive divergence manifests in distinct preferences for information architecture and visual density. Users from holistic-thinking cultures, for example, tend to be more comfortable with information-dense layouts where context and relationships are shown simultaneously. In contrast, users from analytic-thinking cultures often prefer a linear, organized presentation that allows them to focus on individual elements sequentially. Therefore, optimizing the user experience for a global market is not just a matter of language translation, but also of .

*arbitrary: 임의적인 holistic: 전체론적인 *** divergence: 분기, 차이

① focusing only on technical performance across all of the different global networks

② implementing a simple, minimalist style to appeal to all the cultures equally

③ using culturally specific images and colors to increase the user's initial appeal

④ adapting the design to accommodate these differing modes of processing information

⑤ maintaining one consistent design to build a unified global brand identity

# 10006

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. (심리학 + 커뮤니케이션 연구/마케팅)

We do not always act based on pre-existing, well-defined attitudes; instead, we often infer our attitudes by observing our own behavior. This counterintuitive idea forms the basis of self-perception theory. When our internal cues are weak or ambiguous, we are in the position of an outside observer who must deduce our inner state from our external actions. This mechanism is powerfully exploited by the foot-in-the-door technique, where agreeing to a small initial request (e.g., signing a petition) makes one more likely to comply with a larger, subsequent request (e.g., donating money). The individual reasons, "I signed the petition, so I must be the kind of person who supports this cause," thereby . Marketers and persuaders leverage this cognitive process to create gradual commitment. Consequently, our actions can become the architects of our beliefs, subtly nudging our self-concept and future decisions in a direction we did not consciously predetermine.

* infer: 추론하다 ** counterintuitive: 반직관적인 *** deduce: 추론하다, 연역하다

① aligning their attitude with their recent action

② forming a well-defined belief before any action

③ resisting any further requests from the persuader

④ finding an external reason for their initial compliance

⑤ separating their personal beliefs from their public behavior

# 10007

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. (심리학 + 전략 경영/가족 경영 지속성)

A farmer's dispositional outlook — whether fundamentally optimistic or pessimistic — profoundly shapes the strategic trajectory of a family farm. An optimistic farmer, for instance, might perceive market volatility as an opportunity, leading them to invest heavily in new technologies or expand operations, accepting higher levels of debt to chase potential growth. Conversely, a pessimistic farmer is more likely to prioritize stability and risk mitigation. They might maintain older, reliable equipment, avoid debt, and focus on securing long-term contracts, even if it means lower profit margins. This psychological orientation influences not just financial decisions but also crucial aspects like succession planning, where an optimist sees a vibrant future for the next generation while a pessimist may doubt the farm's long-term viability. Therefore, the economic resilience of these agricultural enterprises is not solely a product of market conditions or business acumen, but , impacting their capacity to adapt and endure.

* dispositional: 성향적인 **trajectory: 궤적 *** viability: 생존 능력

① results almost entirely from the financial decisions of its current owners

② is also deeply rooted in the cognitive biases of their leaders

③ guarantees the future profit margins through the mitigation of all risks

④ is largely a direct reflection of the volatile market conditions themselves

⑤ stems from the failure to embrace optimism over pessimistic risk aversions