The digital age has fundamentally reshaped the dynamics of communication and belief formation. Rumors, once spread by word-of-mouth, now propagate virally across vast digital networks. Echoing Elihu Katz's seminal work on information flow, a critical distinction arises in ____________________________________________________________________. Encrypted messaging apps, such as private KakaoTalk chats, create high-trust, closed environments. Within these digital echo chambers, misinformation shared by a trusted peer often bypasses the recipient’s critical scrutiny and leads to rapid belief consolidation. Public social media, conversely, exposes users to a cacophony of competing claims. While this allows for potential fact-checking, it can also trigger identity-protective cognition, where users defend their group’s narrative. Thus, the social impact of a rumor is not just about its content but is profoundly shaped by the network’s structure of trust and social exposure, redefining the dynamics of belief in our era.

* propagate: 전파되다 ** scrutiny: 정밀 조사, 철저한 검토 *** cacophony: 불협화음

① how platform architecture influences the virality and persistence of misinformation

② what overarching communication dynamics shape entire belief formation in our era

③ why these closed digital echo chambers cause the eventual decline of society

④ how potential fact-checking on social media creates a more informed public

⑤ why viral belief consolidation profoundly shapes the network’s underlying digital structure

# 9003. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Financial decision-making is often portrayed as a rational calculation of risk and reward. Behavioral finance, however, reveals that investment choices are deeply influenced by underlying psychological motivations. An individual’s inherent disposition toward achieving goals or preventing losses can dramatically shape their financial behavior. As explored by Columbia University’s E. Tory Higgins in his Regulatory Focus Theory, __________________________________________. Promotion-focused individuals, driven to maximize gains, are more likely to be drawn to high-growth, volatile stocks, constructing portfolios designed for spectacular potential homeruns. In contrast, prevention-focused individuals, motivated by the need for security, will gravitate toward stable, dividend-paying assets and corporate bonds. This psychological fusion reveals that a "one-size-fits-all" investment strategy is inadequate; personalized wealth management must account for the deep-seated motivational forces that powerfully drive an individual’s unique financial choices.

* disposition: 기질, 성향 ** volatile: 변동성이 큰 *** gravitate toward: ~에 끌리다

① a promotion-focused strategy is the only method for constructing a successful investment portfolio

② a financial choice is the true origin of an individual's underlying motivational disposition

③ the primary goal of all financial behavior is the ultimate pursuit of security

④ an investor’s risk appetite is a direct reflection of their motivational focus

⑤ the rational calculation of all risk is the core of every human decision

# 9004. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Corporate leadership is often associated with confidence, charisma, and a decisive nature. Paradoxically, the same traits that can propel an individual to the top can also sow the seeds of ethical collapse. The study of the "Dark Triad"—a constellation of personality traits including narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy—offers a chilling lens into this dark side of power. As detailed in the work Snakes in Suits by industrial psychologist Paul Babiak, these leaders often ____________________________________________. Their narcissistic need for admiration drives them to take bold, risky actions that can yield spectacular short-term gains but ignore long-term consequences. Their Machiavellian cunning allows them to deceptively navigate corporate politics to their own advantage. This manipulation cultivates a corporate culture where ethical boundaries are systematically blurred, ultimately damaging social trust and leading to devastating scandals that harm countless stakeholders.

* propel: 나아가게 하다, 몰고 가다 ** constellation: 무리, 일단 *** cunning: 교활함

① reflect the prevailing ethical corporate culture

② result from the damaging social trust

③ focus on the long-term corporate consequences

④ yield to the demands of all stakeholders

⑤ excel at manipulation and impression management