빈칸문제 한번 풀어보세여

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

The epistemological dilemma inherent in the pursuit of knowledge manifests itself most profoundly in the paradoxical relationship between cognition and metacognition. While the human intellect strives to comprehend the ontological nature of reality through empirical observation and rational deduction, this very process is inevitably constrained by the limitations of its own perceptual and conceptual frameworks. The Cartesian ideal of absolute certainty has long been supplanted by the sobering realization that all human knowledge is, at best, provisional and context-dependent. This epistemological humility, however, stands in stark contrast to the prevailing educational paradigms that prioritize the uncritical assimilation of established facts over the cultivation of philosophical skepticism. The essential challenge of meaningful education, therefore, lies not in the mere transmission of information, but in fostering the metacognitive capacity to _____________________.

① challenge the very foundations of one's cognitive structures

② accumulate as much factual knowledge as possible

③ achieve complete certainty in all areas of inquiry

④ conform to established academic conventions

⑤ prioritize practical skills over theoretical understanding