Mass media are media forms designed to reach the largest audience possible. The most prominent form of mass media include television, movies, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, records, video games and the internet. Many studies have been conducted in the past century to measure the effects of mass media on the population in order to discover the best techniques to influence it. From those studies emerged the science of Communications, which is used in marketing, public relations and politics. This research well demonstrates how indispensable mass communication is for ongoing development of our society. Despite mass communication is a necessary tool to insure the functionality of a large democracy; it is also a necessary tool for a dictatorship. It all depends on its usage.

1) the contribution of mass media to equal access to information

2) mass media: the double-edges sword for our society

3) the towering development of mass media in contemporary world

4) how to effectively manipulate and control mass media

5) mass communication: a medium distorted by politicians

Q2) 다음 글의 괄호 안에 있는 단어 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

(1)(Acknowledge) that you don’t get to define other people’s comfort level with you. Which is to say that you makes considerable efforts and wills to be interesting and engaging and fun to be around — and come off as a (2)(benefactor) to someone else. Yes, that sucks for you. But you know what? It (3)(irritates) for them even more harder, because you’re creeping them out and making them profoundly (4)(uncomfortable). It may not seem fair that “creep” is their assessment of you, but: Surprise! It doesn’t matter, and if you try to argue with them (or anyone else) that you’re in fact not being a creep and the problem is with them not you, then you go from “creep” to “complete assbag.” Sometimes people aren’t going to be (5)(hospitable) to you in considerably many times. It’s just the way it is.

Q3) Edward the confessor 에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Edward the Confessor,was one of the last Anglo-Saxon kings of England and is usually regarded as the last king of the House of Wessex, ruling from 1042 to 1066.Edward has sometimes traditionally been seen as unworldly and pious, and his reign is notable for the disintegration of royal power in England and the advance in power of the Godwin family. His biographers, Frank Barlow and Peter Rex, dispute this, picturing him as a successful king, who was energetic, resourceful and sometimes ruthless, but whose reputation has been unfairly tarnished by the Norman conquest shortly after his death.Edward succeeded Cnut the Great's son Harthacnut, restoring the rule of the House of Wessex after the period of Danish rule since Cnut conquered England in 1016. When Edward died in 1066 he was succeeded by Harold Godwinson, who was defeated and killed in the same year by the Normans under William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings.

1) Anglo-saxon 과 Wessex가문 출신으로써는 마지막 영국의 왕이었다

2) 한때 전통적으로 비세속적이고 독실한 신앙심을 가졌다고 여겨졌다

3) 그의 전기작가들은 그가 죽은 후 노르웨이인에 의해 그가 부당하게 평가되었다고 여겼다

4) 그의 사망후 Cunt the Great 의 아들인 Harthacunt가 그의 왕위를 이어받았다

5) 그의 후임자는 노르웨이인과의 전투에서 패배한 뒤 같은 해에 살해되었다

Q4-5) 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 알맞은 것을 고르시오

Q4)

As to goodness of character in general, Aristotle says that we start by having a capacity for it, but that it has to be developed by practice. How is it developed ? By doing virtuous acts. At first sight this looks like a vicious circle. Aristotle tells us that we become virtuous by doing virtuous acts, but how can we do virtuous acts unless we are already virtuous? Aristotle answers that we begin by doing acts which are objectively virtuous, without having a reflex knowledge of the acts and a deliberate choice of the acts as good, a choice resulting from an ( ). For instance, a child may be told by its parents not to lie. It obeys without realizing perhaps the inherent goodness of telling the truth, and without having yet formed a idea of telling the truth; but the acts of truth-telling gradually forms, and as the process of education goes on, the child comes to realize that truth-telling is right in itself, and to choose to tell the truth for its own sake, as being the right thing to do. It is then virtuous in this respect. The accusation of the vicious circle is thus answered by the distinction between the acts which create the good disposition and the acts which flow from the good disposition once it has been created. Virtue itself is a disposition which has been developed out of a capacity by the proper exercise of that capacity

1) parental education

2) habitual disposition

3) real-life experience

4) socital exposure

5) virtuous obedience

Q5)

According to German Philosopher, Immanuel Kant, the ability of human beings to act morally is itself an end. Specifically, it is the end, or purpose, of morality. That ability is what gives us dignity and to rob someone of it is wrong. So expressed simply, what it means to treat people as an end is ( ).It is of course true that not everyone acts morally, but this does not mean we are permitted to treat bad people merely as means. But what it does mean is that we hold people responsible for their actions. In fact, Kant saw punishing wrongdoing as means of upholding human dignity rather than a way of undermining it. Furthermore, because we cannot know from its effects whether a will is good, we cannot be sure whether or not any particular will is good. Consequently, in order to not omit any beings with good wills, we must treat all rational beings and therefore all humans as an end in themselves.

1) to provide an opportunity to person with wrong behaviors rather then merely punishing them for what they did

2) to chiefly consider hidden intentions of human acts rather then only considering outer results and phenomenon

3) to respect their dignity as human beings and not to limit their capacity for rational thought and moral acts

4) to obey the designated law and rules regardness of some negative side-effects it will provoke

5) to execute rational and impartial law that is acceptable and satisfing to every person and entities in our world

Q6)주어진 글 (A) 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 알맞은 것은?

(A)

Many people don't understand the differences between a rotary and a modern day roundabout. If you try to google "rotary" or "roundabout" most sites say the terms are interchangeable. In Massachusetts, this confusion is extremely evident. Rotaries were the old way of designing circular traffic movement. Most people are stuck in the past and now when a modern day roundabout is introduced, they instantly think about a rotary.

(B)

Moreover, once in the rotary, there is a lot of weaving between the two lanes. Rotaries will either have no striping, or dashed lines so cars know they need to weave between the lanes to get where they are going. Typically, rotaries have yield signs at the entry points, but it usually only applies to the inside lane. The outside lane doesn't have to yield and can go quickly to the right and get right off the rotary.

(C)

A modern day roundabout is very different from a rotary. First, a roundabout is much smaller in diameter. In a roundabout, the entering traffic approaches at a smaller angle than that of a rotary. Vehicles enter at an angle closer to 90 degrees. Drivers know they must yield before entering the roundabout. Because the diameter is smaller, and all cars must yield, the speed of traveling vehicles is approximately 25 mph or less.

(D)

A rotary is very large in diameter. Rotaries are typically a hundred to a few hundred feet across. Because the circle is so large, traffic moves very quickly. An important aspect is the tangential entries and exits. Speeds are 30-40 mph or higher because vehicles can drive straight onto the rotary with no little or no deflection.The tangential entries also make it confusing for drivers. When approaching, there is typically a yield sign and drivers must yield to the circulating traffic

1) C-D-B

2) C-B-D

3) D-B-C

4) D-C-B

5) B-D-C

Q7)주어진 문장이 들어가기에 글의 흐름상 가장 적절한 곳은?

sentence: Mathematics and logic are both closed, self-contained systems of propositions, whereas science is empirical and deals with nature as it exists

Misconceptions about the nature and practice of science abound, and are sometimes even held by otherwise respectable practicing scientists themselves.( 1)Unfortunately,there are many other misconceptions about science. (2) One of the most common misconceptions concerns the so-called “evidently confirmed scientifical proofs.” ( 2 ) . Contrary to popular belief, there is no such thing in the field of science. Proofs exist only in mathematics and logic, not in science ( 3 ). The primary criterion and standard of evaluation of scientific theory is evidence, not proof. ( 4 ) All else equal (such as internal logical consistency and parsimony), scientists prefer theories for which there is more and better evidence to theories for which there is less and worse evidence.(5) Proofs are not the currency of science, which applies only to field of mathmatics.