21강 Gateway

Albert Einstein sought relentlessly for a so-called unified field theory — a theory capable of describing nature’s forces within a single, all-encompassing, coherent framework. ① Einstein was not motivated by the things we often associate with scientific undertakings, such as trying to explain this or that piece of experimental data. ② Instead, he was driven by a passionate belief that the deepest understanding of the universe would reveal its truest wonder: the simplicity and power of the principles on which it is based. ③ As in Einstein’s formulation, the two theories underlying the tremendous progress of physics were mutually incompatible. ④ Einstein wanted to illuminate the workings of the universe with a clarity never before achieved, allowing us all to stand in awe of its sheer beauty and elegance. ⑤ In his day, however, Einstein never realized this dream, mainly because a number of essential features of matter and the forces of nature were either unknown or, at best, poorly understood.

Comment

1) so-called unified field theory를 설명할 수 있는 문장 하나를 찾아보세요.

2) 3번 문장이 왜 나가리인지 생각해 보세요. (어떤 부분에서 딴 소리를 하는지)

Tip

1) 무관 문장 찾기 -> 어지간하면 첫줄에서 쇼부 봐라(하나의 이야기를 찾아봐).

2) 하나의 가닥을 잡았으면 나머지는 붙여 읽기만 해라 -> 어차피 틀은 하나다.

Personal Review

=> 무난한 지문이고, 5번 이하 내용은 최근 기출에서도 자주 등장한 내용이니 참고하도록 한다. 과학이라는 학문 자체가 아직 모르는 거 투성이라는 내용.

21강 1번

Gene therapy works by inserting a normal copy of the human gene in place of the faulty one.

Viruses are indeed proving useful in several ways, thanks to their special ability to make their way into the interior of normal animal or plant cells. An example of this type of treatment is gene therapy. ( ① ) Sometimes a gene is faulty, and this fault can be passed on from one generation to the next. ( ② ) The main job of a gene is to act as code for the production of the proteins upon which every living thing relies. ( ③ ) Proteins both provide structure for living tissues and drive chemical processes. ( ④ ) If a gene doesn’t carry precisely the right code, it may not be able to produce proteins normally. ( ⑤ ) To achieve this, researchers have had to find ways to get the new healthy gene to the target cell without arousing the body’s defences and, once there, to penetrate its outer membrane to replace the defective gene.

* arouse 자극하다, 깨우다 ** membrane 세포막

21강 2번

The disciplines that make up the natural sciences can be divided into two classes: those that are historical, and those that are not. For subjects like cosmology, geology, and biology, history is of utmost importance.

(A) The logical structures mathematicians explore are timeless, and both physics and chemistry deal with properties of the universe that we have every reason to believe are the same today as they ever have been, or ever will be. Thus, in principle, all the open questions in physics and chemistry could be answered this afternoon if the right experiments were done.

(B) The goal of much of the activity in these disciplines is to reconstruct the history of the cosmos, the Earth, and the life forms that have inhabited it, respectively. For the mathematician, physicist or chemist, on the other hand, history does not matter.

(C) Moreover, there is no reason to think that the outcomes of those experiments would be any different if they were done by other people, at other times, or in other places. The assumption that the conclusions reached by physicists and chemists are independent of time and place is fundamental to the way geologists, biologists and cosmologists use them.

* cosmology 우주론

① (A) – (C) – (B)          ② (B) – (A) – (C)          ③ (B) – (C) – (A)

④ (C) – (A) – (B)          ⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)

21강 3번

In the first minutes of its existence, the universe cooled so rapidly that it was impossible to manufacture elements heavier or more complex than hydrogen, helium, and (in minute amounts) lithium. In the heat and chaos of the early universe, nothing more complex could survive. From a chemical point of view, the early universe was very simple, far too simple to create complex objects such as our earth or the living organisms that inhabit it. The first stars and galaxies were constructed from little more than hydrogen and helium. But they were a sign of our universe’s astonishing capacity to build complex objects from simple building blocks. Once created, stars laid the foundations for even more complex entities, including living organisms, because in their fiery cores they practiced an alchemy that turned hydrogen and helium into all the other elements.

* alchemy 연금술

① Wonders of the Galaxies and the Simplicity of the Earth

② Hydrogen and Helium: Abundant Elements in the Universe

③ How Could Early Living Organisms Have Survived on Earth?

④ The Birth and Development of the Universe: Simple to Complex

⑤ Heavy and Complex Elements: Foundations of a Chaotic Universe

21강 4번

The ancestors of all species that are alive today have flowed back and forth across the globe for many millions of years. We should never assume that where we see a species today is where that creature’s ancestors originated. Modern humans resided in Africa two hundred thousand years ago and subsequently spread across the world, yet most of us alive today think of ourselves as natives of the regions where we were born, rather than of Africa. When we trace our ancestry, we often focus our attention a few generations back, seeking a sense of place and personal identity. But these past places were also transient locations, and each ancestor transient, as our genes have moved around the planet’s surface. It was ever thus. It is completely illogical, then, to hate a fellow human, or another animal or plant, simply because they or their ancestors were somewhere else at a particular time. The location of those genes in one specific time frame ____________________________________.

* transient 일시적인

① raises ethical issues in genetic testing

② has no special meaning in the history of life = just transient locations

③ enables further manipulation of specific genes

④ does not necessarily benefit an individual’s personality

⑤ increases the likelihood that individuals will develop a disease

21강 소재 정리

21강 1번 : Gene therapy : 유전자 치료는 결핍 혹은 결함이 있는 유전자를 분자수준에서 교정하여 질병을 치료하는 것을 말한다. => 분자수준에서 교정하는 방법이 바로 Virus의 행태를 모방하는 것. A 세포를 타게팅해 세포가 변이하도록 유도한다.

단점: 환자가 이전에 AAV에 노출됐다면 AAV에 대한 항체가 형성됐을 것이고, AAV를 이용한 유전자 치료를 받을 경우 세포가 형질도입하기 전에 중화항체가 결합해 형질도입을 막을 수 있다. 따라서 환자가 벡터에 대해 중화항체를 형성하지 않았어야 하고, 같은 유전자 치료를 다시 받을 수 없는 만큼 한번에 성공해야 한다. (중략) 그래서 임상적인 근거가 충분하지 않은 상황에서도 임상시험에 참여하고 싶어한다"면서 "그러나 제약사 입장에서 안정성과 효능의 균형을 완전히 이해하고 있다고 생각하기는 어렵다. 유전자 치료는 여러차례 받을 수 있는 것이 아니라 일회적이라는 점도 부담되는 요소다"고 지적했다

21강 2번 : 역사(시간)가 중요한 학문이 있고, 역사(시간)을 타지 않는 학문이 있음. 대표적으로 전자는 지리학(넌 땅이 평생 똑같을 거 같냐??), 후자는 수학(넌 피타고라스 공식이 바뀔 거라 생각함??)이 있음, 그리고 역사를 타는 학문들(지리학)도 역사를 타지 않은 학문(화학)을 기반으로 삼음. 지리학이라고 해서 화학/수학과 아무런 상관이 없는 건 아니잖아. 원래 절대학문이 모든 응용학문의 기본이기도 하고.

21강 3번 : 빅뱅 직후 지구를 둘러싸던 물질들은 매우 간단간단한 애들이였음. 복잡하게 발달할 만한 여건이 조성되지 않았기 때문. 하지만 시간이 지나면서 이 간단간단한 애들이 복잡한 걸 만들고, 걔네끼리 합쳐서 또 복잡한 걸 만들고 했단 얘기임.

21강 4번 :  우리는 여기 토착민이야! => 와 정말????? 응 아니야. 너네 찐 조상들은 아프리카 애들이야, 근데 넌 아프리카 안 살고 있잖아? 뭔 말이냐고? 너네 옛 조상부터 최근 세대의 조상, 가족까지 계속 옮겨다녔을 거라고.

22강 Gateway

For a long time, tourism was seen as a huge monster invading the areas of indigenous peoples, introducing them to the evils of the modern world. However, research has shown that this is not the correct way to perceive it. In most places, tourists are welcome and indigenous people see tourism as a path to modernity and economic development. But such development is always a two-edged sword. Tourism can mean progress, but most often also means the loss of traditions and cultural uniqueness. And, of course, there are examples of ‘cultural pollution’, ‘vulgarization’ and ‘phony-folk-cultures’. The background for such characteristics is often more or less romantic and the normative ideas of a former or prevailing authenticity. Ideally (to some) there should exist ancient cultures for modern consumers to gaze at, or even step into for a while, while travelling or on holiday. This is a cage model that is difficult to defend in a global world where we all, indigenous or not, are part of the same social fabric.

* indigenous 토착의 ** vulgarization 통속화, 상스럽게 함

① preserving a past culture in its original form for consumption

② restoring local cultural heritages that have long been neglected

③ limiting public access to prehistoric sites for conservation

④ confining tourism research to authentic cultural traditions

⑤ maintaining a budget for cultural policies and regulations

Comment

1) often more or less romantic and the normative ideas of a former or prevailing authenticity. -> 가 뭔지 설명할 수 있는 문장을 찾아서 엮어 보세요.

2) 마지막 문장을 날려 읽을지 꼼꼼히 읽어볼지 생각해 보세요.

Tip

1) 이 문제도 결국 앞에서 P/N(+/-) 놀이만 잘 했다면 의외로 쉽게 풀릴 걸?

2) Ideally라는 부사는 현실성 없는(...)을 뜻함.

Personal Review

=> 마지막 세 줄 전까진 잘 읽었는데 마지막 세 줄 읽고 나서 기분 급 하락함.

22강 1번

In contrast, other groups are marked by looser ties.

Probably all of us at one time or another have experienced something special about a group to which we belonged. Whether it was a fish-and-game society, a badminton club, or a cheerleading team, we felt an attraction to the other members and valued our membership.   ( ① ) Had our group been criticized or otherwise come under attack, we would have felt obliged to come to its defense. ( ② ) Indeed, in the very act of defending our group, our feelings of unity or esprit de corps would in all likelihood have been intensified. ( ③ ) The members are only weakly attracted to one another and would make little effort to defend the integrity of their group. ( ④ ) It is this central feature of groups, cohesion, that is generally assumed by coaches to be an important requirement for team success. ( ⑤ ) To be sure, coaches are not alone in this assumption.

22강 2번

A few years ago, at Kansas State University, I gave a lecture on fast and frugal decision making. After a lively discussion, my kind host invited me out for dinner. He did not say where.

(A) The people around me came from all over the place for the pleasure of not having to make a choice. And you can bet that the hotel knew how to prepare their only dinner; it was delicious!

(B) The Brookville Hotel was packed with people eager to dine, and when I sat down and looked at the menu, I knew why my host had taken me here. There was nothing to choose from. The menu listed exactly one item, the same one every day: half a skillet of fried chicken with mashed potatoes, cream-style corn, baking powder biscuits, and homestyle ice cream.

(C) The ride was long, too long, I thought. I guessed that he was taking me to a special restaurant, perhaps with a Michelin star or two. But in Kansas? Indeed, we were headed to a very special restaurant, albeit of a different kind.

* skillet 프라이팬 ** albeit ~이기는 하지만

① (A) – (C) – (B)          ② (B) – (A) – (C)          ③ (B) – (C) – (A)

④ (C) – (A) – (B)          ⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)

22강 3-4번

An interesting incident related to fairness in sports occurred during the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta. The men’s 100-metre sprint that year is well remembered by Canadians as the race in which Canadian sprinter Donovan Bailey won gold. But to British enthusiasts, that same 100-metre sprint is remembered for an entirely different reason: veteran British track star Linford Christie was charged with two “false starts” and disqualified from the race, thus ending his sports career in (a) frustration.

A closer investigation reveals some (b) suspicious details. Christie had not, in fact, left the starting block before the starter gun had sounded (the traditional meaning of “false start”). Rather, his offence was that he left the starting block less than one-tenth of one second after the gun had sounded. Olympics officials had previously decided that no one’s reaction time is ever less than one-tenth of one second, so any runner beginning the race © beyond the first one-tenth of one second must have “anticipated” the starter gun. Such anticipation is against the rules because it usually arises when a runner is late getting into position, thereby delaying the race and controlling, to his or her (d) advantage, just when the starter gun will sound. Christie had left the starting block just 0.086 seconds after the gun was fired. But if the entire point of the Olympics is to push humanity’s physical (e) limits, Christie’s supporters argued, isn’t it possible that somewhere, someday, someone would manage to react in less than one-tenth of one second? Just perhaps?

* starting block 스타팅 블록(단거리 경주에서 출발할 때 발을 걸치게 하는 기구)

3. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Was Linford Christie’s Disqualification Valid?

② Real-Time Measurement Technology in Sports

③ Mental Readiness: A Key Factor for Excellence

④ Sports: Where We Shine Together as a Human Race

⑤ What Made Donovan Bailey an Olympic Champion?

4. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

① (a)          ② (b)          ③ (c)          ④ (d)          ⑤ (e)

22강 소재 정리

22강 1번 : 쉽게 생각해 보면 됨. 우리가 흔히 훌리건이라 부르는 애들 있지? 지 대학 순위 좀만 내려가면 게거품 물고 발광하는 애들 ㅇㅇ. 얘네들은 strongly하게 connected 된 것임. 근데 스포츠 팀 선수들 있지? 얘네들 지네 팀메이트 까여도 의외로 지랄 안 함. 이게 weakly하게 connected 된 것. 왜 이게 성공과 직결되냐고? 너네 팀메이트 까이는 매 간마다 게거품 물어봐(defensive), 발전이라는 게 존재하겠어?(고대 공대가 연대 공대보다 딸리는 건 엄연한 사실임. 아니라고 발악해 봤자 고대에 도움될 거 하나도 없음. 차라리 인정하고 탈출 방법을 모색해야지...)

22강 2번 : 해설할 게 없음. 43~45 장문 문제에 써먹을 순 있겠네.

대신 답이 5번인 이유 해설을 해 주겠음.

1) 초대를 했으면 어떻게 할까? 가야겠지? ->

그러니까 가는 길 존나 지루해. 가 있는 C가 첫 번째.

2) 다른 종류의 레스토랑? -> 아 나 깨달았어, 고를 게 없더라고? 가 있는 B가 두 번째,

3) 고를 게 없어서 기쁨(Pleasure) -> A가 마지막.

22강 3번~4번 : Rule이라는 것은 사회적/물리적 상황에 따라 변할 여지가 생기고, 제대로 적용되지 못할 수 있다. 라는 내용임. 예를 들어 게임 내 거리 5m 이상을 에임이 정확히 따라간다 -> 핵! 이란 룰이 있다 치자. 근데 그게 항상 먹힐까? 마우스가 발달하고 트래킹 에임 능력이 발달하면 핵이 아니여도 위 행위가 가능할 수 있잖아. 그리고 올림픽 정신이 뭔데?인간의 한계를 뛰어넘어 보자 아님? 근데 왜 한계를 걸고 그러세요?

23강 Gateway

Over the past few decades, architecture as an idea and practice has increasingly limited its definition of itself. In the foreseeable future, the instrumentality of architecture in effecting actual change — that is, change that challenges the dominance of commercial institutions, their aims, and values— will diminish. While the present day seems to be a time of unparalleled innovation and freedom of choice, the reality is that architectural styles and forms are often the attractive packaging and repackaging of the same proven, marketable concepts. The speed with which “radical” designs by celebrity architects achieve acceptance and popularity demonstrates that formal innovation has itself become an important commodity. However, beneath the cloak of radicalism, the conventions of existing building typologies and programs, with all their comforting familiarity, still rule — and sell. What is needed desperately today are approaches to architecture that can free its potential to transform our ways of thinking and acting.

* cloak 망토 ** typology 유형학

Comment

1) instrumentality 라는 단어의 뜻은 대체 뭘까? 기구성? 매끄러운 뜻을 생각해 보세요. radical이라는 단어의 뜻이 뭘지도 생각해 보시고...

2) attractive packaging and repackaging이 creative랑 같은 개념인지, 다른 개념인지 판정하세요. comforting familiarity는 어디랑 엮일까요?

Tip

1) 단어의 뜻을 하나로 결정짓지 마세요. 단어의 뜻은 글의 맥락이 좌우하니까.

2) 선택지 단어 거르는 법 => 본문에 없는 내용을 담은 단어를 거르면 됨.

Personal Review

=> 최근 트렌드를 잘 보여주는 지문이라고 생각함. 개추

23강 1번

Roofs are the most important elements in building; for not only do they help to maintain the good health of the residents by defending them from rain, and keeping out the night, and above all keeping out the summer sun, but they provide excellent protection for the whole building as well. ① Take away the roof, and the woodwork rots, the walls totter and their sides crack; gradually the whole structure falls apart. ② Even the very foundations, though you may hardly believe it, rely on the protection of the roof for strength. ③ Throughout history, more buildings have fallen into ruin by simple human neglect, when left naked and deprived of the roof covering, than by fire, sword, enemy hands, or by any other disaster. ④(Whatever its form, however, every roof ought to be so designed as to offer shelter to the pavement below and to keep all rainwater out of any part of the building it covers.) ⑤ Indeed, in buildings the covers are the weapon with which they defend themselves against the harmful onslaught of weather.

* totter 흔들리다, 비틀거리다 ** onslaught 맹공, 강습

23강 2번

While I do believe that with practice we can improve our looking skills, I am not a great believer in attempts to teach art theory to otherwise reasonably well-educated adults. It is far more important and enjoyable to just get out and look at art. From a social point of view, however, there may be virtue in attending lectures and panel discussions at your local museum, or even perhaps joining a guided tour. If there is an annual art fair where you live, there will definitely be organized tours for the public and often additional educational efforts. You will be in the company of like-minded people. I don’t entirely exclude the possibility of thus finding a life partner, but the odds of simply making friends are better than on a subway platform. All types of educational institutions offer opportunities to visit works of art with other people, whether recreationally or as part of a study course that can be audited by nondegree students of any age.

* like-minded 취미가 같은 ** audit (대학 강의를) 청강하다

① Find Hobbies That Can Boost Your Brain

② Discover Treasures Hidden in Your Art Textbook

③ How Can Museums Become More Visitor-Friendly?

④ Enjoy the Opportunities of Socializing Through Art

⑤ Why Do Art Classes Help to Appreciate the True Value of Art?

23강 3번

One of the most arresting images of the civil rights movement is Ernest Withers’ photograph of the black sanitation workers’ strike in Memphis. The photo was taken on March 28, 1968, a week before Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in that roiling city. In previous months, the city had rejected the requests of the black sanitation union — requests, for example, that black garbage workers be paid the same wages as white garbage workers. The photograph shows a few hundred black men gathered on the street in front of the Clayborn Temple for a solidarity march. Many are wearing nice jackets and pants. The men do not appear angry. But they do look totally committed to their cause, and they look proud. With quiet grace, each of them is holding an identical sign, which has just four words: I AM A MAN. The four words are repeated a hundred times in the photograph, on a hundred white placards, and the silence is deafening.

* sanitation 공중위생 ** assassinate 암살하다 *** roil 미친 듯이 날뛰다

① The Hidden Truth Behind Fake Images

② Why Do We Keep Images and Recordings?

③ Which Is More Effective, Words or Images?

④ Silent but Powerful Protest for Human Dignity

⑤ Possibilities and Limitations of the Civil Rights Movement

23강 4번

Art programs sometimes do not make the most of the many possible opportunities for developing competence and helping to formulate meaning. This is the case when they go no further than the surface exploration of materials and processes and when they are not focused on the life and interests of the children. Exploration needs structure and sequential lesson planning to lead to deep understanding. When such structures are omitted, fundamental learning about art and imagery is lost, and art activities become superficial “busywork.” Curricula should be sequenced in such a way that children are first helped to explore the qualities of materials in depth and then helped to use this knowledge in making images of importance to them. Unless image making is directed toward concrete and personally significant experiences, there is a weak focus for the creation of meaning.

① 아동의 사고력 향상을 위해 미술 교육을 강화할 필요가 있다.

② 학습자의 개성을 인정해 주어야 창의적인 작품을 만들 수 있다.

③ 아동이 다양한 미술 재료를 통해 여러 기법을 시도하게 해야 한다.

④ 미술 교육은 실기를 중시하는 방향으로 나아가는 것이 바람직하다.

⑤ 미술 교육과정은 아동에게 유의미한 경험이 되도록 구성되어야 한다.

23강 소재 정리

23강 1번 : 지붕은 중요해.... 비바람을 막아 주는 거? 물론 중요하지... 하지만 더 중요한 건 지붕이 집 구조의 기반이 된다는 거지...

23강 2번 : Art와 Communication의 상관관계 - hwp 완성될 때 지문 몇 개 별도로 첨부해 주겠음. 중요한 내용임. 결론부터 말하자면 미술은 상호작용의 학문임. 솔직히 말해보자. 점 툭 찍고 10억 20억 받는 게 왜 가능할까? 억지를 부려도 받아줄 ‘사람’ 이 있기 때문이지. 아니였으면? 절대 안 되지.

23강 3번 : 지문 자체는 별 내용 없음. 흑인들이 ‘나도 사람이야‘ 라 주장하는 시위를 진행 했어요~ 인데...이 지문의 가치는 은유에 있음.

the silence is deafening -> 이 문장의 뜻이 뭘까?

조용함이 귀를 멀게 한다? 조용한데 왜 귀가 멀어? 시끄러워야 귀가 머는 것이 아닐까?=> 조용함이 어디 있었지? 아 정적인 행진이라는 단어에 있었구나. => 그리고 이 행진에서 나도 사람이야 라는 구호가 수백번 반복됐다 했지.... => 아! 소리 빽빽 지르는 행진이 아니더라도 행진이 전하는 메시지가 강렬했다는 뜻이구나! => 이해 완료. 이런 은유는 어디서 쓸까? 빈칸 또는 함축의미 추론

에서 쓰겠지.

23강 4번 : 4) 교육 지문임. 어떤 학문을 가르칠 때 피상적인 진리 탐구만으로는 학생들에게 유의미한 수업을 제공하기 힘듦. 유의미한 수업을 제공하려면 " 1) 깊은 학문적 탐구 장려 2) 학생들이 학문의 유의미성을 깨닫게 함 " 라는 조건이 필요함. 얘도 재탕 많이 된 소재니까 기출이랑 과년도 EBS에서 비슷한 지문 찾으면 첨부할 예정임.

24강 Gateway – 또 요약문이네...빡 도네? 그냥 1909 편집하는 김에 같이 해서 올리겠음.

24강 1번

Too many people regard science as a collection of facts and formulas. As important as scientific explanations are to science, studying science requires more than just learning about the products of science. ① Teachers who are unaware of the actions of science hold an incomplete view about the science learning their students should experience. ② Presenting science to students as an accumulated body of knowledge addresses only one aspect of the broad culture of science and will give students an inaccurate and limited view of the discipline. ③ (Science is objective in the sense that the principles of science can be applied in the same way by anyone and get the same results.) ④ Teaching science with too much emphasis on the content would be like teaching language arts by providing students with a few nouns but no verbs — and expecting them to construct sentences. ⑤ Likewise, effective science teaching incorporates a healthy balance of concepts and skills.

24강 2번

Play is the arena where the imagination still reigns. One kind of thinking linked to the imagination is divergent thinking, also known by the corporate cliché: “thinking outside the box.”

(A) At this point, scores in divergent thinking begin to diminish significantly. This is not to say that we have no need for the convergent skills that are associated with words and numbers, but convergent thinking is not enough for a present and future where we don’t even know the right questions, much less the right answers.

(B) Play is also one way of measuring creativity. Young children typically score very highly in divergent thinking — they are quite familiar with the idea of playing.

(C) But when school starts, our society begins to shut the door on the imagination. In its

place, we commence teaching and valuing the logical and linear thinking that supports

coming up with one right answer. This is called convergent thinking.

* cliché 상투적인 문구 ** commence 시작하다

① (A) – (C) – (B)          ② (B) – (A) – (C)          ③ (B) – (C) – (A)

④ (C) – (A) – (B)          ⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)

24강 3번

Kids, especially teenagers, are hard to corral for anything— especially lectures. That’s why it’s important to weave money lessons into day-to-day life. Did your son get a check from Grandma? It’s a great time to finally take him to the bank, open that savings account you’ve been talking about, and help him deposit the money. That also leads to discussions of interest rates and choices between, say, certificates of deposit and regular savings accounts. Are you about to buy a new family laptop? Have your kid help you shop around for it (and, if you can, allow him to keep a portion of the difference between the price at the local electronics store and any better deal he can find you online). And when making a big purchase — say, a car — take your kid with you to the lot and discuss negotiation techniques.

* corral 붙들어 두다

① Why Childhood Money Education Is Important

② Teach Your Child Economics Through Daily Life

③ Is Working for Allowances Desirable for Children?

④ Let Your Child Enjoy Their Growing Independence

⑤ Use Others’ Episodes to Teach Economics to Your Child

24강 4번

For many college students, the language, ideas, and burdensome length of traditional texts are so off-putting that they fail to read more than the first lines or pages. When students lack the attention span, critical thinking skills, and motivation necessary to read an entire novel or play, how can they learn to grasp the deeper significance and meanings of these texts? While there are no quick-fix answers to this literary gap, traditional texts still have value for our contemporary society and should be taught to our students. Not as summaries on a Wikipedia page, but as entire works. Good fantasy literature and film, when incorporated appropriately into more traditional course content, can help bridge some of the intellectual and cultural disconnect that impairs many of our students. Whether used to instruct underclassmen in the basics of literary and philosophical inquiry or with more advanced students to further these ideas, fantasy offers a unique lens of understanding for contemporary students.

* off-putting 정이 안 가는, 좋아하기 어려운

① 문학 작품을 읽을 때는 시대적 배경을 이해하는 것이 중요하다.

② 학생들에게 고전 문학 작품의 요약본이 아닌 작품 전체를 읽게 해야 한다.

③ 판타지 영화는 문화적 맥락이 부족하여 학생들의 이해에 어려움을 줄 수 있다.

④ 학생들이 전통적인 문학 작품을 읽게 하기 위해 공상 문학 작품을 활용할 수 있다.

⑤ 분석적 사고력이 부족한 학생들을 위해 난이도를 고려하여 작품을 읽게 하는 것이 좋다.

24강 소재 정리

24강 1번 : 또 교육 지문임. 전체적 내용은 23-4 지문과 비슷하고, 진리 탐구도 중요하지만 응용(meaningful to student)도 역시 중요하다는 소리를 하고 있는 거임.

24강 2번 : 내가 작년에 봤던 지문 내용이랑 거의 유사함(초반 - divergent thinking). Play, 즉 놀이에서 창의성의 발현이 가능한 이유는 행위의 자유성 때문임. 쉽게 말해주자면 오버워치에서 젠야타 들고 뒤 도는 거 있지? 분명 너네는 힐러니까 뒷라인에서 힐만 해줘야 되는 거라 생각할거야. 하지만 뒤 도는 행위를 통해서 지금의 쪼낙, 바이올렛과 같은(대충 힐러계의 페이커를 생각하세요) 선수들이 나올 수 있었던 거임. 이 선수들의 특징은? 플레이가 기상천외, 다른 말로 하면 창의적이라는 거임. 보고 감탄할 때 많음. 그리고 Convergent thinking도 나오는데, 이 수렴적 사고라는 것은 간단히 말해서 Literacy임. 여러 개의 문제 중 가장 적합한 문제 하나를 골라내는 능력. 너네가 가져야 할 능력임.

24강 3번 : 별 내용 없음. 애들 경제관념 교육시킬 땐 일상생활에서 교육시키는 것이 가장 중요하다는 얘기임. 뭐 이걸 확장하면 요즘 중등교육에서 시도하는 '실생활 응용 학습' 정도를 추출할 수 있겠다만....

24강 4번 : 기초학문(특히 문학!!!! 씨발...ㅜㅠ) 은 개노잼이지만 깊은 이해를 동반하는 학습을 위한 필수조건임. (문학을 알면 사람을 안다) 그럼 이 개노잼 문학을 어떻게 하면 애들이 덜 꺼려할까? 공상문학, 쉽게 말하자면 소설과 연계시켜 주면 될 수 있음. 쉽게 생각해 봐... 그리스 로마 신화를 영어 text로 읽으면? 노잼 그 자체임. 머리도 존나 아픔. 근데 만화로 보면? 훨씬 수월하잖아.